Como fazer um cubo de LED 4x4x4 com Arduino Tutorial Passo a Passo com Programação

Não tem nada mais divertido para fazer com LEDs, do que montar um cubo de LEDs! Quanto você põe na cabeça que vai montar esse projeto você ganha uma série de dias felizes e de grande aprendizado!

Neste tutorial vamos ver como montar um cubo de LEDs 4x4x4 controlado por Arduino, vale ressaltar que qualquer Arduino pode controlar esse projeto. Aqui utilizamos o Arduino NANO por ser mais barato e compacto. 

Então projetistas fora do comum, esquentem seus ferros de solda e vamos projetar!

Para começar temos que ter algumas ferramentas e compontentes.

Lista de ferramentas:

• Ferro de solda;
• Estanho;
• Alicate de corte;
• Alicate de bico.
• Broca de  3 ou 5mm de acordo com o tamanho do seu LED;
• Furadeira.

Lista de componentes:

• 16 - Resistores de 220R - 1/4W( vermelho, vermelho, marrom, dourado);
• 4 - Resistores de 10K - 1/4W (marron, preto, laranja, dourado);
• 4 - Trasistores BC548 ou BC337;
• 1 - Arduino NANO com cabo USB;
• 1 - PCI ilhada/Protoboard de 16 cm x 10 cm;
• 64 - LEDs de alto brilho ou difuso de 3 ou 5mm;
• 12 - Resistores 1/4W de qualquer valor (para ser utilizado na estrutura);
• 1 - Pedaço de madeira de 20cm x 20 cm x 1cm;
• 1  Metro de fio 0.25mm;
• 1 - Borne conector de duas vias (opcional).

Circuito do projeto:
Para ver a imagem em alta resolução abra em uma nova guia, clicando com o botão direito do mouse em cima dela e selecionando a opção: Abrir em uma nova guia.

O software:

Download da pasta com os dois sketchs do Arduino - Clique aqui

O cubo de LEDs 4x4x4 montado fica assim:

Animação 1: int Columnas[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}; int Filas[] = {16, 17, 18, 19}; int RandFila; //Variable para fila aleatoria int RandColumna; //Variable para columna aleatoria void setup() { int contador; for (int contador = 0; contador < 17; contador++){ pinMode(Columnas[contador], OUTPUT); } for (int contador = 0; contador < 5; contador++){ pinMode(Filas[contador], OUTPUT); } } void loop() { RandLed(); } void RandLed() { RandFila = random(0,4); RandColumna = random(0,16); digitalWrite(Filas[RandFila], HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[RandColumna], HIGH); delay(75); digitalWrite(Filas[RandFila], LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[RandColumna], LOW); delay(50); }

Animação 2:
// Initalize our LED columns (positive) int Columnas[] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}; // Initalize the LED layers (ground) int Filas[] = {16,17,18,19}; int num; int vel; int count; int layer; // Setup void setup(){ // Set up LED columns as output for(int pin = 0; pin < 16 ; pin++ ){ pinMode(Columnas[pin],OUTPUT); digitalWrite(Columnas[pin],LOW); } // Set up LED Layers as output for(int layer = 0; layer < 4; layer++){ pinMode(Filas[layer], OUTPUT); digitalWrite(Filas[layer], LOW); //delay(100); } } // The Loop void loop(){ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // This increments the layers from top to bottom ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //digitalWrite(Columnas[0],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[1],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[2],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[3],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[4],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[5],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[6],HIGH); //digitalWrite(Columnas[7],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[8],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[9],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[10],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[11],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[12],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[13],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[14],LOW); //digitalWrite(Columnas[15],LOW); //digitalWrite(Filas[0],HIGH); //digitalWrite(Filas[1],HIGH); //digitalWrite(Filas[2],HIGH); //digitalWrite(Filas[3],HIGH); //COMBO1 num=1; while(num<4){ for(count=0;count < 4;count++){ digitalWrite(Filas[count],HIGH); } for(count=0;count < 16;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); delay(100); } for(count=15;count > -1;count--){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); delay(100); } digitalWrite(Columnas[0],HIGH); delay(100); for(count=11;count > 0;count--){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); delay(100); } digitalWrite(Columnas[12],HIGH); delay(100); for(count=15;count > 12 ;count--){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); delay(100); } //switch case if(num<6){ for(count=13;count < 16 ;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); delay(100); } digitalWrite(Columnas[12],LOW); delay(100); for(count=1;count < 12;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); delay(100); } digitalWrite(Columnas[0],LOW); delay(100); } else{ digitalWrite(Columnas[12],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[11],LOW); delay(100); for(count=0;count < 11 ;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); delay(100); } for(count=15;count > 12 ;count--){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); delay(100); } } num++; } //COMBO2.1 num=1; while(num<5){ for(count=4;count > -1;count--){ digitalWrite(Filas[count],LOW); //delay(150); } for(count=0;count < 16;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } for(count=0;count < 4;count++){ digitalWrite(Filas[count],HIGH); delay(100); } num++; } //COMBO2.2 num=1; while(num<5){ for(count=4;count > -1;count--){ digitalWrite(Filas[count],LOW); //delay(150); } for(count=0;count < 16;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } for(count=4;count > -1;count--){ digitalWrite(Filas[count],HIGH); delay(100); } num++; } //COMBO3 num=1; while(num<2){ /* for(count=0;count < 16;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } for(count=15;count > -1;count--){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); delay(100); }*/ for(count=0;count < 16;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); delay(100); } num++; } //COMBO4 delay(200); for(count=0;count < 4;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } delay(500); for(count=6;count < 10;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } delay(500); for(count=0;count < 4;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } delay(500); for(count=6;count < 10;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } delay(500); digitalWrite(Columnas[9],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[10],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[11],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[0],HIGH); delay(500); for(count=3;count < 7;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } delay(500); digitalWrite(Columnas[9],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[10],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[11],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[0],LOW); delay(500); for(count=3;count < 7;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } delay(500); //COMBO5.1 num=1; while(num<7){ delay(200); for(count=0;count < 4;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } vel=200/num; delay(vel); for(count=0;count < 4;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } delay(vel); digitalWrite(Columnas[4],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[11],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[12],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[13],HIGH); delay(vel); digitalWrite(Columnas[4],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[11],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[12],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[13],LOW); delay(vel); digitalWrite(Columnas[5],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[10],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[14],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[15],HIGH); delay(vel); digitalWrite(Columnas[5],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[10],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[14],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[15],LOW); delay(vel); for(count=6;count < 10;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } delay(vel); for(count=6;count < 10;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } delay(200); num++; } //COMBO5.2 num=1; while(num<7){ delay(200); for(count=3;count < 7;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } vel=200/num; delay(vel); for(count=3;count < 7;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } delay(vel); digitalWrite(Columnas[2],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[13],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[14],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[7],HIGH); delay(vel); digitalWrite(Columnas[2],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[13],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[14],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[7],LOW); delay(vel); digitalWrite(Columnas[8],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[15],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[12],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[1],HIGH); delay(vel); digitalWrite(Columnas[8],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[15],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[12],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[1],LOW); delay(vel); for(count=9;count < 12;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } digitalWrite(Columnas[0],HIGH); delay(vel); for(count=9;count < 12;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } digitalWrite(Columnas[0],LOW); delay(200); num++; } //COMBO6 num=1; while(num<3){ delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[0],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[11],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[1],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[10],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[12],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[2],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[9],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[15],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[13],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[3],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[8],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[14],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[4],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[7],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[5],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[6],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[6],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[7],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[5],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[8],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[14],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[4],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[9],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[15],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[13],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[3],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[10],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[12],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[2],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[11],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[1],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[0],LOW); delay(100); num++; } //COMBO6 num=1; while(num<3){ delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[9],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[8],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[10],HIGH); delay(vel); digitalWrite(Columnas[7],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[15],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[11],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[6],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[14],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[12],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[0],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[5],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[13],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[1],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[4],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[2],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[3],HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[3],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[4],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[2],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[5],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[13],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[1],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[6],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[14],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[12],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[0],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[7],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[15],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[11],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[8],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[10],LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(Columnas[9],LOW); delay(100); num++; } //COMBO7 num=1; while(num<8){ for(count=0;count < 4;count++){ digitalWrite(Filas[count],LOW); } for(count=0;count < 16;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } delay(250); digitalWrite(Filas[3],HIGH); delay(250); digitalWrite(Filas[3],LOW); digitalWrite(Filas[2],HIGH); delay(150); digitalWrite(Filas[2],LOW); digitalWrite(Filas[1],HIGH); delay(250); digitalWrite(Filas[1],LOW); digitalWrite(Filas[0],HIGH); delay(250); digitalWrite(Filas[0],LOW); delay(250); num++; } for(count=0;count < 16;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } for(count=0;count < 4;count++){ digitalWrite(Filas[count],HIGH); } //COMBO8 num=1; while(num<4){ delay(200); for(count=0;count < 4;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } delay(500); for(count=0;count < 4;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } delay(20); digitalWrite(Columnas[4],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[11],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[12],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[13],HIGH); delay(20); digitalWrite(Columnas[4],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[11],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[12],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[13],LOW); delay(20); digitalWrite(Columnas[5],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[10],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[14],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[15],HIGH); delay(20); digitalWrite(Columnas[5],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[10],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[14],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[15],LOW); delay(20); for(count=6;count < 10;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } delay(500); for(count=6;count < 10;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } delay(200); num++; } //COMBO5.2 num=1; while(num<4){ delay(200); for(count=3;count < 7;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } delay(500); for(count=3;count < 7;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } delay(20); digitalWrite(Columnas[2],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[13],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[14],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[7],HIGH); delay(20); digitalWrite(Columnas[2],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[13],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[14],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[7],LOW); delay(20); digitalWrite(Columnas[8],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[15],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[12],HIGH); digitalWrite(Columnas[1],HIGH); delay(20); digitalWrite(Columnas[8],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[15],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[12],LOW); digitalWrite(Columnas[1],LOW); delay(20); for(count=9;count < 12;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } digitalWrite(Columnas[0],HIGH); delay(500); for(count=9;count < 12;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } digitalWrite(Columnas[0],LOW); delay(200); num++; } /*COMBO9 //num=0; //for(count=0;count < 4;count++){ //digitalWrite(Filas[count],LOW); //} while(num<2){ for(count=4;count > -1;count--){ digitalWrite(Filas[count],HIGH); delay(100); for(layer=0;layer < 12;layer++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[layer],HIGH); delay(100); } } num++; }*/ } /*} while(num<2){ digitalWrite(Filas[3],HIGH); for(layer=0;layer < 12;layer++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[layer],HIGH); delay(200); digitalWrite(Columnas[layer],LOW); delay(100); } digitalWrite(Filas[2],HIGH); for(layer=0;layer < 12;layer++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[layer],HIGH); delay(200); digitalWrite(Columnas[layer],LOW); delay(100); } digitalWrite(Filas[1],HIGH); for(layer=0;layer < 12;layer++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[layer],HIGH); delay(200); digitalWrite(Columnas[layer],LOW); delay(100); } digitalWrite(Filas[0],HIGH); for(layer=0;layer < 12;layer++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[layer],HIGH); delay(200); digitalWrite(Columnas[layer],LOW); delay(100); } num++; } */ //COMBO7 /* num=1; while(num<5){ delay(400); for(count=0;count < 12;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } delay(300); for(count=0;count < 12;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } delay(300); for(count=12;count < 16;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],HIGH); } delay(300); for(count=12;count < 16;count++){ digitalWrite(Columnas[count],LOW); } num++; delay(500); } */

Vídeo 1:

Atualização e construção da PCI:
Vídeo 1:

Download da nova PCI/PCB do Cubo de LEDs 4x4x4 do Proteus 8.5 - Clique aqui
Download da programação do Arduino - Clique aqui